Python Logical Operators
Table of Contents
Description
Logical operators in Python are used to combine multiple conditions (expressions that return True or False). They are often used in if, while, and other control statements.
Python has three logical operators:
Operator Description Example Result
and True if both conditions are True (5 > 3 and 4 < 6) True
or True if at least one is True (5 < 3 or 4 < 6) True
not Inverts the result not (5 > 3) False
Prerequisites
- Basic understanding of Boolean logic.
- Knowledge of comparison operators.
- Familiarity with conditional statements.
Examples
Here's a simple program in Python:
a = 10
b = 5
# AND operator – both conditions must be true
print(a > 5 and b < 10) # True
# OR operator – at least one condition must be true
print(a < 5 or b < 10) # True
# NOT operator – reverses the result
print(not a > b) # False (a > b is True, not makes it False)
# Combined logic
if a > 5 and b > 2:
print("Both conditions are True")
if not (b > a):
print("b is not greater than a")
Real-World Applications
Authentication systems: Check if username and password are valid.
Access control: Check if user is admin or moderator.
IoT systems: Trigger alert if temperature is high and humidity is low.
AI rules: If confidence is high and loss is low, continue training.
Online forms: Validate if multiple fields are filled correctly.
Where topic Can Be Applied
Control flow: if, elif, and while conditions.
Search filtering: Filter with multiple criteria.
Error handling: Trigger based on combined states.
AI/ML: Decision rules for classification.
Web development: Route access, form submission checks.
Resources
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Interview Questions
What is the difference between and and or?
What does the "not" operator do?
What is the result of True and False?
Can logical operators be used with non-Boolean types?
Explain short-circuiting in logical operations.